I remember this too. It had sound. I could taste the colors.
A friend of mine speaks of his “phonographic” memory. I believe all of us interested in music have this, else ear-worms would not be a thing, right? Over the past ten years I’ve focused more on this phenomena, and I further believe there’s a distinguishing characteristic between songs we can recall and songs which form our sonic foundation. In the latter type, I don’t mean these are fundamentally good, I just mean that they come unbidden on a Tuesday morning when you’re in the shower, or when you’re driving to the grocery store. Or perhaps you hear a snippet of conversation and an overheard phrase comes to you overlaid with music because it’s word-for-word (or nearly so) with a phrase in a song from your youth.
Here’s one which illustrates the vagaries of this kind of aural memory. “It’s Good News Week” pops into my head every few months for the past couple of years. Why? I have no idea. It gets billed as a protest song, and certainly some of its lines will shake you up–perhaps a few will offend. All I remember, however, are two short stanzas which I have always sung together, but which do not appear consecutively in the song:
It's good news week Someone's dropped a bomb somewhere Contaminating atmosphere...
...It's good news week Doctors finding many ways Of wrapping brains on metal trays To keep us from the heat.
Plus, I remember the refrain:
Have you heard the news
What did it say?
Who's won that race?
What's the weather like today?
Memory clouds things, too. I’ve remembered this for nearly 60 years as a novelty song, and listening to it today, it didn’t sound the way I remember it. I wonder if that has something to do with the tiny transistor radio I used to listen to it? Looking at the lyrics today, it seems anything but a novelty song. So many songs from the mid-60’s through the mid-80’s just can’t be played these days. Not like “Walter Wart” from 1966 by The Thorndike Pickledish Choir!
A few days ago my Daily Discovery playlist on Tidal offered up a track by Robben Ford, “Talk To Your Daughter” from 1987. It was pretty good, good enough to click through and see what else he’s done. Holy crap. The guy’s been around for 45 years and he’s still playing it hard? How the heck have I gone all those years and never heard of this guy?
After listening to that entire album, I listened to his newest recording available on Tidal, Live At Montreux 1993 released in 2024. Okay, now I’m really intrigued. He’s playing blues sometimes, jazz other times, and he’s echoing Jeff Beck, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, John McLaughlin, Al DiMeola, and a bit of Eric Clapton? His vocals sound like JW-Jones (another great guitarist)?
I’ve since listened to Night In The City (Live) partially; Schizophonic (again, partially); and Lost in Paris Blues Band a perfectly excellent recording with six other musicians I don’t know. In the discography I see he’s played with Bill Evans for an album released in 2019. If that’s the jazz pianist, I’m intrigued. He’s played with Charlie Musselwhite and Jimmy Witherspoon before turning 25. His first solo album in 1976, Schizophonic, resulted in the Yellowjackets, a well-known American jazz-fusion band. He’s release 30 albums, either as a solo act or with a partner or two. He’s played as a session musician in so many sessions it’s difficult to count. Let’s just throw a few names in: Miles Davis; Jing Chi; Little Feat; Tommy Emmanuel; Barry Manilow; Michael McDonald; Bob Dylan; Joni Mitchell; and gosh, we better stop or I’ll just be pasting in the Wikipedia article. Let’s just add this: five Grammy nominations and named one of the “100 Greatest Guitarists of the 20th century” by Musician magazine.
Additionally, we watched Elvis Costello and T-Bone Burnett appear on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert which prompted a bit of listening of tracks from my favorite (and only) Burnett album, The Criminal Under My Own Hat.
In other listening news:
Delbert McClinton’s Nothing Personal continues to enthrall with its combination of country, blues, and soul. Highly recommended if you like the raw side of music.
I’ve been reading Rocks Off: 50 Tracks That Tell the Story of the Rolling Stones by Bill Janovitz which tells the musical history of the Stones through what he considers to be salient songs. It’s a joy to listening to the tracks while reading his in-depth analysis thereof. I’m up to “Under My Thumb”.
And finally, all this good semi-modern blues, i.e., “it came out since 1990,” drove me to Kenny Wayne Shepherd. Today’s final albums: Dirt On My Diamonds, Volumes 1 and 2 (two separate albums) and Live In Chicago still one of my favorite live albums. If you don’t get either a chill or a jolt from “Dance For Me Girl” then you’re either not a rock/blues lover, or you’re not alive.
Over the past weekend we attended a wedding in the nexus region for our family: greater Philadelphia. Google maps failed us at least once on our northerly journey, when I disregarded a patently stupid suggestion which turned out to be… not so stupid. Regardless. There are times when silence is the best soundtrack. The rest of the time was spent thusly (in no particular order):
Greetings from Asbury Park by Bruce Springsteen
Steve Goodman by Steve Goodman (highlight: “Riding On The City Of New Orleans” which he composed and sang for Arlo Guthrie)
Sunshine on Leith, The Proclaimers
Get On Board by Taj Mahal & Ry Cooder (a bit too rootsy for the moment)
The Color of Love by Ronnie Earle and The Broadcasters
Live from the Ryman, Vol. 2, by Jason Isbell and the 400 Unit
Promise by Sade
Orleans by Orleans
Oh Brother by Dawes (Just as good the second time, and my wife loved it)
Ode To The Village by Bearcat (but not at all like the first album and we abandoned it)
Legends Live In Concert by Ry Cooder (but again, too hillbilly for the suburbs of Washington, D.C. Ry Cooder has so many different styles across his career. He produced the classic album Buena Vista Social Club of old Cuban musicians, and I have an album of his where he collaborated with Indian musician V.M. Bhatt on A Meeting By the River)
Blessings and Miracles by Santana
Try It…You Might Like It: GA-20 Does Hound Dog Taylor by GA-20
Sunday fun: “Let’s walk across a real volcano!” Or…why not kick back with some great tunes? Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, HI. September 2024.
Moondial by Pat Metheny
I Trust You To Kill Me by Rocco DeLuca and The Burden
Carney by Leon Russell
“Für Elise” by Jon Batiste (apparently from an upcoming album?)
“While My Guitar Gently Weeps” by Lucinda Williams (almost surely from a forthcoming album entitled Lucinda Williams Sings the Songs of The Beatles from Abbey Road)
Oh Brother by Dawes
You Should Be So Lucky by Benmont Tench
Mudcrutch by Mudcrutch
One of the great things about music streaming services (mine is Tidal), at least for old folks, rests on the opportunities for music discovery. I appreciate that Tidal doesn’t just pop the usual “because-you-listened-to…” stuff, but also just flat suggests stuff from across many genres. (Although it might be because I listen so eclectically. Hadn’t thought of that.) Today’s playlist reflects that. Saturday I listened to Moondial because it showed up on a recommended albums list. Today, a couple tracks on the 5-track “Recommended new tracks” list caught my eye: the Jon Batiste and Lucinda Williams tracks listed above.
The Dawes album appeared on a different list, “Suggested new albums for you”. I cannot believe I’ve gone 15 years without hearing of this group, since they fit comfortably into one of my favorite musical areas where intelligent lyrics and innovative musical lines collide with folk, rock, and jazz. This newest of albums from the group is like Paul Simon meets Jackson Browne meets the Eagles with just a dash of musical thoughts of Iggy Pop. (Yeah, I heard a line in there that I swear is a near rip-off of one from Brick By Brick.) Maybe they listened just a little to They Might Be Giants? Barenaked Ladies? This latest album is the only one I’ve listened to but I’m cueing up more in my near future.
While reading about Dawes on Wikipedia, I ran across the name Benmont Tench and finally separated him mentally from Bobby Tench, a vocalist on a couple of old Jeff Beck Group albums, Rough and Ready and Jeff Beck Group. The band Simon Dawes broke up and out of it came the new group Dawes. They played a bunch of jam sessions which included one with Tench, who’s a pianist/organist and vocalist. Because Tench joined Tom Petty in the group Mudcrutch which later evolved into Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers, this led in turn to learning about Mudcrutch which reformed in 2009 (the same year that Dawes formed–huh). Which completes the musical journey that underlies the playlist above.
It appeared in late July! I bought some in late-late September. Given the devastation in the Asheville area, it seemed appropriate. The Highland Brewery sits way up on a hill, so flooding was not an issue. How did they fare from the landslides? Don’t know.
Word of Mouth by Mike + The Mechanics. (A truly melancholy album, mostly filled with songs about the break-up of a relationship/marriage. It happened into my life just as my marriage ended.)
Be The Love You Want by Southern Avenue. (Many people will like this. Me? Meh. I really like their first album though.)
Instores & Outtakes by the North Mississippi Allstars. (Good combo of roots rock, blues, and that weirdness that says “Delta music”.)
Happiness Bastards by The Black Crowes. (What happened to them after the first album or two? Apparently a shift toward the center.)
16me. Paris Jazz Festival 1er. Novembre 1969 [Restauración 2022] Duke Ellington and the Newport All Stars
Twentyfour Al Di Meola
NYT Amplifier suggested playlist of Kris Kristofferson covers*
16 Biggest Hits Kris Kristofferson
*The New York Times has many newsletters for its subscribers. The Amplifier emails on Tuesdays and Fridays with a suggested playlist of 7-12 songs unified by some theme: songs of summer 2024; best songs from the movies of 1999; the “ultimate” outlaw country primer; and this one themed on Kristofferson because of his recent demise. Many are a bit too modern for my taste, but Kristofferson’s songs changed Nashville, according to none other than Bob Dylan. The suggested covers were:
“Help Me Make It Through the Night” by Gladys Knight & the Pips
“For the Good Times” by Al Green
“Sunday Morning Coming Down” by Johnny Cash
“To Beat the Devil” by Waylon Jennings
“Why Me” by Merle Haggard
“They Killed Him” by Bob Dylan
“Nobody Wins” by Rita Coolidge
“Loving Her Was Easier (Than Anything I’ll Ever Do Again)” by Willie Nelson
Based on the title to this morning’s post, we started with Harpers Bizarre singing “I Love You, Alice B. Toklas” (the eponymous title to the movie) and “59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin’ Groovy)” plus a compilation album. We followed with:
Bookends by Simon & Garfunkel
Tribute To Steve Goodman (Live) by various guys like John Prine, Ed Holstein, John Harford, Arlo Guthrie, Richie Havens, and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
Let me apologize in advance for this post. It’s self-serving and of little interest to anyone but me. My excuse for posting it (besides narcissistic vainglory) rests in the reactions some readers will have when they get a snapshot of things that have faded away: newspapers, particularly as arbiters of culture; purchasing music instead of streaming it and on vinyl; a picture of the music industry as older people knew it–record labels pressing LP’s right and left, when any band with long hair could get a contract; and sending those LP’s to newspapers, radio stations, magazines, etc., to get a hopefully-positive review; and most of all, a snapshot of three months in 1972 when certain labels pushed certain artists and released certain albums.
In 1972 I graduated high school. A close family friend happened to be the City Editor for the Spokesman-Review, one of the two daily newspapers in my hometown. The S-R came out in the morning, the Daily Chronicle in the afternoon/evening. He stopped by shortly before my graduation to offer me a copyboy position for the summer. Their current copyboy planned to move on to college or a newspaper, I frankly don’t remember.
I should have paid attention to how little pleasure I derived from the job. It would’ve saved me years of study and employment. Ah well. One pleasure I did derive stemmed from the fact my desk butted up against the desk of the S-R music and arts critic. In those days no mainstream newspaper would accord rock and pop music any serious stature, but the marketing trends being what they were, someone must have told them, “Listen, these kids buy stuff. You at least had to review these dratted things.” On the S-R, that guy turned out to be Ed Coker. Ed, I hope somehow you know how much those three months meant to me because of working beside you. You were young then, but obviously a dedicated reporter/writer. You were nice to me. I appreciated that. I saw you decades later, and you seemed to have risen in stature on the Spokane cultural scene.
No matter. Back then record companies would send free copies of records (LP’s, younglings) to a newspaper and hope someone would review it positively. Ed had a policy: he would listen to a record, and if he didn’t want to keep it for himself, he would put it on top of his out box. Lord, most of you don’t know what those are either, do you? When everything was paper, a person had an inbox (hence the email term, younglings) and an outbox to facilitate the movement of said paper. People like me, the copyboy, would move the paper around. It was a real job, okay? One more thing: Ed seemed to listen to records on and off all week, but he would just accumulate them and drop a stack on the basket around Thursday. I became attuned to that.
The copyboy shows up before most of the reporters. They had to work through about 11 p.m. to revise copy for the final edition of the paper whereas I got to leave shortly after the first edition got distributed, somewhere around 8:30, 9 p.m. Reporters didn’t show up until 2 p.m. at the earliest, and 3 p.m. was perfectly acceptable. I, however, showed up about noon as I recall, maybe 12:30, and therefore got first dibs on the records! Over the course of that short summer I nabbed ten records. They are, in no particular order…
David Bowie
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars
Dan Hicks & His Hot Licks
Striking It Rich
Great White Cane
Great White Cane
Bob Seger
Smokin’ O.P.’s
Highway Robbery
For Love Or Money
Heavy Cruiser
Heavy Cruiser
Hot Tuna
Burgers
Peter Kaukonen
Black Kangaroo
Glass Harp
It Makes Me Glad
Jim Post
Slow To 20
My S-R 10 from 1972
The (Almost) Total Losers
I had to insert the “(Almost)” because the total losers went back to the editorial room of the S-R, so I must’ve heard something worth listening to in these albums…
Heavy Cruiser by Heavy Cruiser
Photo credit: Discogs.com
All I remember from this album is a snatch from “Wonder Wheel” and I’m surprised in looking at the track listing that this album had “Louie Louie” on it. In reading today about the band I learned that it seems to have been an offshoot from some group named Mama Lion, and the driving force in the former didn’t want band members’ names on this album because he felt they would detract from Mama Lion. Although I digitized most of my albums, this one never made the cut…and it was a low bar.
The Great White Cane by The Great White Cane
The cane and fighting ring fold down to reveal the band. Collection of K. Pilcher, June 2024.
The best thing about this album was that the White Cane image above folded down. It overlaid the image of the band. The second-best thing I didn’t even realize until about 40 years later: the lead singer was Rick James who wrote or co-wrote all of the songs. Nevertheless, it sucked. Where the Heavy Cruiser album at least hit a rock ‘n’ roll hot spot for me, this combined “rock, funk, and soul” as described by Discogs and that wasn’t my groove at the time. My interests expanded over time–my interest in this album did not. Bad funk really isn’t very good. Bad rock will be better than bad funk, every time.
The ‘Meh’ Group
I acknowledge the talent of these releases, but they never really grabbed me. I gave them a listen once in a while. I’m not sure they’re available on streaming services or not.
It Makes Me Glad by Glass Harp
Yes, long hair. Everyone, pretty much. Collection of K. Pilcher, June 2024.
This album still resides in my digital library. It has a Christian overtone to it. “Do Lord” is a traditional tune, but most of it is a mostly folk album. Pretty but not compelling. It’s good, but band turmoil/churn apparently led to a different lineup after this album which took off into the King Crimson/Moody Blues universe. Too bad. They might’ve become something if they had stuck with what they were.
For Love Or Money by Highway Robbery
Photo credit: Discogs.com
The band’s only album. They made a minor ripple in the pool of public perception with “Mystery Rider” a song which demonstrates what a lot of bands were attempting to do at the time. The latter half of Grand Funk’s career, Uriah Heep, and other power rock groups heavily influenced Highway Robbery. If you let the “Mystery Rider” track play out on YouTube, it segues into “Promotion Man” which grabs my attention more. Another good one was “Ain’t Gonna Take No More”, a song I sang many a times as a young lad.
The Hey-This-Sounds-Good Group
Mathematically-inclined readers have realized that six albums remain, so I made out pretty good with these freebies. I knew little of these acts, and that’s a statement I want you to keep in mind as you encounter them. I’ve listed them in reverse order to my (limited) knowledge of them at that time…
Slow To 20 by Jim Post
Collection of K. Pilcher, June 2024.
Artists and music labels can block certain albums from appearing on streaming services which remains one of my biggest disappointments with those services and explains why I still use a digital audio player (DAP), a jukebox program (MediaMonkey), and my digital library of nearly 20,000 tracks (1680 albums). I learned just within the past few years that Jim Post came from the upper Midwest folk scene which included John Prine, Steve Goodman, and others whose names I don’t recognize. He charted a song “Reach Out of the Darkness” in 1968 which I’ll need to search out–right now, this album is all I know of him, sonically. He’s got a rambunctious, jazzy infusion to his folk, similar in energy but not style to Jackson Browne. I find myself singing many of his songs more than fifty years later. But…he later recorded a lot of children’s music. Whether this is the reason none of this early stuff appears on Tidal or whether it’s a music-rights issue, I don’t know. It’s disappointing though. This is a good album.
Black Kangaroo by Peter Kaukonen
Kaudonen presumably in Australia. Not shown: big black kangaroo. Collection of K. Pilcher, June 2024.
It’s a tossup whether I knew this guy or the next one less (more?). I dimly recognized the last name. Peter is Jorma’s brother, and Jorma had a pretty good career in Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna, and then as a solo artist. I discovered just today that Peter played in Hot Tuna in an early incarnation of the band but he apparently left to do a bit different music than their bent toward traditional country blues. The music on this album is decidedly different. Peter leans into the electric side of blues-rock-pop and indulges several sci-fi type topics. “Billy’s Tune” tells about Billy who has given most of his body parts away and lives in jar. I still think of “Barking Dog Blues” every time I listen to the three hunting dogs in the lot behind me race up and down their fence line snarling at the German shepherd in the next yard over. Peter played with Jefferson Airplane a bit, too, I learned on Wikipedia, and with Johnny Winter, and with Link Wray. Black Kangaroo is actually the name of his band. The inside of the album cover features a black kangaroo flipping everyone the bird. Real listenable music, but not as good creatively-speaking as the Jim Post album.
Striking It Rich by Dan Hicks & His Hot Licks
Photo credit: Discogs.com
Had I vaguely heard of Dan Hicks before landing this album? I doubt it. And if you haven’t heard of him either, you owe it to yourself to listen at least once. My personal favorites on this album are “O’Reilly At The Bar,” “Canned Music,” “I’m An Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande),” and “I Scare Myself”. As Wikipedia puts it, “His idiosyncratic style combined elements of cowboy folk, jazz, country, swing, bluegrass, pop, and gypsy music.” Two of his best-known songs are in those four I just listed. He’s the guy who wrote “How Can I Miss You When You Won’t Go Away?” Basically he channels the swing vibe of Django Reinhardt and others. This was his third album. Here, listen to this. The play of violin, that weird background from the Lickettes (yeah, that’s their other name), and the minor key juxtaposed against his lyrics…man, that’s just great!
Smokin’ O.P.’s by Bob Seger
Photo credit: Discogs.com
Despite the one-eighth inch chunk missing from the edge of the record when I pulled it out, this became one of my favorite rock ‘n’ roll albums. I didn’t ditch the LP until I switched over to taped versions of all my records in the mid- to late-80s. My college roommate Motorhead, a smoker, provided the insight that “O.P.’s” are other people’s cigarettes. “Smokin’ O.P.’s” means you’re bumming smokes from everyone. The album is made to look like a pack of Lucky Strikes. And the extra meaning comes from all of the songs coming from other composers instead of Seger. At the time I snagged this one, I had heard of Seger and The Bob Seger System, but I hadn’t heard him–he was still a regional act at the beginning of the 70’s. [I must correct that: “Ramblin’ Gamblin’ Man” charted up to #17 in 1969–a national hit.] A great version of “Bo Diddley” opens the record, and it’s followed by “Love The One You’re With,” “If I Were A Carpenter,” which reached #76 in the US, and “Hummin’ Bird”, plus a re-release of “Heavy Music”. Seger’s music is still rocking the Hammond organ on this LP. I lament that Tidal (and previously Spotify) doesn’t have this record. Too many royalties to pay?
Burgers by Hot Tuna
Photo credit: Discogs
Yep, that’s a crap photograph–but it’s the only one I could find which looks like the one I got with the Radio DJ label slapped on it. While some of these records had small stickers that said “Promotional Copy” or somesuch, this was the only record which put the entire track list on a 3×5 label right over the name of the record and the act! This is the band Jorma Kaukonen started. He remained a country-blues artist even though he let Marty Balin convince him to play with Jefferson Airplane. All of the songs are good–I sing them regularly. I particularly like the opening of “99 Year Blues”: Well now bring me my pistol, I said three round balls. I’m gonna shoot everybody I don’tlike at all. I take it glass-half-full, that there are only three persons who piss him off! “Keep On Truckin'” and others just really hit a musical sweet spot.
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Marsby David Bowie
You can tell this album was handled a lot. Collection of K. Pilcher, June 2024.
Looking back, there occur wondrous moments when you first tripped over a famous artist before he/she/it/they became known. In the summer of 1972 the single “Starman” had been released, but it had yet to hit the Top 100. Bowie had only had one charting single at that time, “Changes”, which I don’t remember having heard while still in high school. (As I’ve stated, our insular market didn’t always hear the top music.) I therefore had no idea who this strange-looking guy was, and I didn’t know what to make of that voice! But I’ve never forgotten how despite my skepticism, I found myself humming the tunes from this album. I listened again. And again. And again. You couldn’t deny David Bowie, then and now. And I got it free because the music critic didn’t think enough of it to hang onto it. Sweet.
As I prepared to graduate high school in 1972, the recent months had been kind, musically speaking. Eric Clapton as Derek & The Dominos had just clocked in with “Layla”. Graham Nash and David Crosby posted “Immigration Man”. The armed service brats who formed America had popped out two hits, “I Need You” and “A Horse With No Name”. (Name the damn horse! He’s taking you across a desert for crying out loud!) Paul Simon had a “Mother and Child Reunion” while “Sylvia’s Mother” was being pestered by Dr. Hook and his Medicine Show. Some newish guys–Elton John, David Bowie, Kenny Loggins, and Todd Rundgren–were starting to establish themselves.
Some songs make my playlist for personal history reasons, not so much because I really, really like them, but because I liked them enough that they were the background music to my life at that time: “Conquistador” by Procol Harem; “How Do You Do?” by Mouth & MacNeal; “I’m Movin’ On” by John Kay and Steppenwolf; “Sugaree” by Jerry Garcia; “Family Affair” by Sly & The Family Stone. Others I don’t remember having heard back then, but they sum up that time quite well: “Hallelujah” by Sweathog; “Baby Won’t You Let Me Rock n’ Roll You” by Ten Years After; “Move ‘Em Out” by Delaney & Bonnie; “In A Broken Dream” by Python Lee Jackson, an Australian group with Rod Stewart sitting in on the vocals; and Roberta Flack’s version of “Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow” (hauntingly slow and soft).
I’d like to go on and on, but it’s just some old guy talking about why he likes certain pieces of music. I remember the uncle of my ex-wife who had tables of old records in his barn. Every garage sale and estate sale he went to he would scoop up all the records. We’re talking stuff from the 1920’s through 1940’s mostly. He and I would “shoot the shit” for hours as he talked about “Minnie the Mooch” and all the other great music from back then. It’s fun to appreciate music through someone else’s love of it. Should anyone think there’s something worthwhile like that here, let me know. I don’t want to bore ya.
Meanwhile, here’s a mirror image of what I looked like when I was listening to those tunes, and the other 80 I didn’t mention:
Selfies were more difficult back then… Taken with my newly purchased Honeywell Pentax SP 500 SLR. Boy, I wish I could hold a camera that steady these days. May 1972.
From YouTube track for The Spiders. Note the composers’ names. Vince Furnier anyone?
Not long ago I waxed on about the songs of 1966 when I left 6th grade and pre-pubescence at the same time. In high school and college I listened to Alice Cooper, never knowing I could’ve been listening to proto-A.C. when I was MUCH younger! (Link to YouTube pictured above.) Extra special weirdness: every band member on this recording (except maybe the drummer) didn’t just come from the same high school, they were all on the cross country team as seniors! I know from peripheral experience that long distance runners are a wacky, different breed, but…really?
After moving to Los Angeles, renaming themselves Nazz and then because Todd Rundgren already had taken that name, to Alice Cooper, they were still capable of emptying a paying establishment in ten minutes. That’s when a middleman more or less said to himself, “boy, Frank Zappa would love these guys,” and routed them to Zappa. He turned them into the Alice Cooper we know and love. Of course, they had to move to Pontiac, Michigan, to gain acceptance. “L.A. just didn’t get it,” Cooper said at the time. “They were on the wrong drug for us. They were on acid and we were basically drinking beer.” [info and quotes courtesy of Wikipedia]